Modifiable factors refer to variables or characteristics that can be changed, controlled, or modified to potentially improve health outcomes or reduce risks of certain diseases. These factors can include lifestyle choices such as diet, physical activity, smoking, and alcohol consumption, as well as environmental factors like pollution or exposure to toxins. In research, modifiable factors are often studied in relation to their impact on health outcomes and potential interventions to modify these factors to improve health. Identifying and understanding modifiable factors can help inform public health strategies, prevention programs, and interventions aimed at promoting healthier behaviors and reducing the burden of disease.